Bladder Capacity in Women With Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bladder capacity in women with idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) through bladder diary, cystomanometry, and uroflowmetry and assess the concordance of the different measures of bladder capacity. A secondary objective is to describe the relationship between bladder capacity and urinary frequency in OAB patients. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional multicentric study was conducted, including female patients diagnosed with idiopathic OAB. All participants underwent a urodynamic study and completed a 3-day bladder diary (3dBD). Different parameters were used to calculate bladder capacity: maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) assessed at the end of filling cystometry, voided volume (VV) during the uroflowmetry, maximum voided volume (VVmax), and average voided volume (VVmed), both assessed through the 3dBD. Reproducibility analysis was performed to assess the agreement among the different bladder capacity measures. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted Kappa index were used. Bladder capacity parameters were also assessed in relation to urinary frequency. RESULTS: Bladder capacity measures were diminished in this population, except for VVmax. Poor correlation was found between the different bladder capacity variables (ICC and weighted Kappa index <0.4). Twenty-four-hour frequency and average VV present a weak negative linear relationship (Pearson coefficient -0.344). CONCLUSION: MCC and average VV are reduced in OAB patients. MCC does not correlate well with functional bladder volumes determined by voiding diary in the OAB population.

Technique Description and Outcomes of Robotic Transvaginal-Assisted Living Donor Kidney Transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the surgical technique of totally robotic kidney transplantation with transvaginal insertion and to assess its safety and feasibility. METHODS: It is a prospective analysis of the first 5 cases of robotic kidney transplantation with transvaginal insertion. Robotic-assisted kidney transplantation was performed after transvaginal insertion of a living donor kidney graft. Donor's and recipient's characteristics, intraoperative variables, postoperative complications, and surgical outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: The median operative time was 220 min. Mean rewarming ischemia time of 53 min, with immediate diuresis. No intraoperative complications were observed. Mean hospitalization period was 9 days, with mean Cr of 1.5 mg/dL at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic kidney transplantation with transvaginal insertion is feasible and safe. A greater number of procedures are required to confirm the results of this new technique.

Validation of a 3 day electronic bladder diary as an app for smart-phone.

AIM: To validate an electronic 3-day bladder diary (BD) as an easy-to-use app for smart-phone (eDM3d). METHODS: Descriptive and cross-sectional prospective study. One hundred and thirty-six patients with overactive bladder syndrome (OABs) or nocturia who had a smart-phone and attended the urology clinics of a tertiary hospital from June to November 2017 were included. Patients filled the eDM3d (test) and the Spanish validated paper BD (DM3d) and questionnaires ICIQ-UISF and BASQ during the first week. Two weeks later, they repeated the eDM3d (retest). We assessed feasibility of the eDM3d (percentage of variables completed), test-retest reliability (qualitative variables: McNemar test; quantitative variables: ICC), paper-app correlation (qualitative variables: Kappa index; quantitative variables: ICC) and convergent validity (correlation between eDM3d and questionnaires, Spearman's rank test). Patients answered a question about satisfaction: "If you had to repeat a BD again, would you choose paper or the app version?" RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three (90.4%) participants completed all the variables of the first eDM3d. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients classified as positive for each symptom between test and retest. ICC ranged from 0.73 to 0.94 for all variables (P < 0.001) in the test-retest assessment. Paper-app correlation was good to excellent for all variables (ICC 0.76-0.95, P < 0.001; Kappa index 0.56-0.84, P < 0.001). Correlation between the eDM3d and the questionnaires ranged from 0.23 to 0.6 (P < 0.01). 120 (88.2%) patients would choose the eDM3d if they had to repeat a BD. CONCLUSION: The eDM3d presents suitable feasibility, reliability, and validity to assess patients with OABs or nocturia who have a smart-phone.

Development and feasibility assessment of a 3 day electronic bladder diary as an app for smart-phone.

AIMS: To develop a 3 day bladder diary (BD) as an easy-to-use application for smart-phone (eDM3d). To test its feasibility and acceptance in a reduced number of patients. METHODS: An external agency developed the eDM3d following the structure of the Spanish validated 3 day BD (DM3d©), which includes a frequency-volume chart, the assessment of the grade of urgency, the incontinence events and fluid intake. The eDM3d consisted in a main interface of four buttons ("wake up," "go to bed," "urinate," "drink") which had to be clicked to create an event. Results were automatically transferred to an internet server to obtain an electronic report. We recruited 25 patients with overactive bladder syndrome or nocturia and previous experience on paper BD. They were asked to complete the eDM3d. Finally, a direct question about satisfaction was answered: "If you had to complete a BD again, would you choose the paper or the app version?" RESULTS: Three patients (12%) did not complete the eDM3d, 1 patient (4%) completed 2 days of the eDM3d and did not register volumes of micturition nor fluid intake, 1 patient (4%) completed all 2 days variables and 20 patients (80%) completed all 3 day variables. Regarding satisfaction, 19 patients (86.4%) would choose the app version, 2 patients (9.1%) would choose a paper version and 1 patient (4.5%) would choose either indistinctly. CONCLUSIONS: The eDM3d is a useful tool easily filled in by patients with a high satisfaction rate. Adequate validation of the eDM3d is required.

The 3-day bladder diary is a feasible, reliable and valid tool to evaluate the lower urinary tract symptoms in women.

AIMS: To evaluate the feasibility (% of completion), reliability (test-retest and inter-observer) and validity (convergent vs. questionnaires and vs. urodynamic study-UDS) of the 3-day bladder diary (3dBD) in women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS: Epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study. Fourteen Functional Urology and Urodynamic Units participated. One hundred thirty-six women with mean age (SD) 55.2 (13.8) years with LUTS, without bladder catheterization and who were able to fill in the 3dBD were included. An UDS was performed. They filled in the 3dBD in two times separated by 15 days (test and retest), the International Consultation on Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) and the Bladder Control Self-Assessment Questionnaire (BSAQ). RESULTS: One hundred ten women completed 3dBD for test and retest. Feasibility: each 3dBD has 42 variables, 77.2% women completed 80%. Test-retest reliability: there were not differences in the proportion of patients classified as positive for each symptom (urgency: P = 0.3173; incontinence: P = 1; nocturia: P = 0.0522; frequency: P = 0.4386). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.67 to 0.92, except for night time VVmax which was lower (0.54). Inter-observer reliability: ICC ranged from 0.64 to 0.99, except for day time VVmax (0.29) and the number of urgency episodes (0.45). VALIDITY: Spearman correlation coefficients for ICIQ-UI SF and BSAQ ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 (P < 0.0001) and for UDS were lower (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 3dBD showed good feasibility, reliability and validity to be used in the assessment of LUTS in women.

[Surgical aspects of living-donor kidney transplantation]. / Aspectos quirúrgicos de la donación de vivo.

Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy has shown less morbidity than the open approach, with less pain and analgesia requirements and allowing a quicker recovery and an earlier return to normal activity. Furthermore, many studies have shown equivalent results between both approaches in terms of graft functions and recipient complications. For these reasons, we can accept laparoscopic kidney living donor nephrectomy as the gold standard surgical technique in these patients. The implementation of this minimally invasive technique in most centers has led to an increase in the rate of this kind of organ procurement, due to its better acceptance by the donors. In order to decide which kidney is better to extract, it is mandatory to maintain the best kidney in the donor. In case equal conditions, it is advisable to perform left nephrectomy.

Aspectos quirúrgicos de la donación de vivo / Surgical aspects of living-donor kidney transplantation

La nefrectomía de donant e vivo por laparoscopia ha demostrado una menor morbilidad sobre el donante comparada con la cirugía a cielo abierto clásica, disminuyendo el dolor y la necesidad de analgesia y permitiendo una recuperación más rápida de los donantes. Los diversos estudios que han comparado las técnicas de extracción renal abierta y laparoscópica demuestran que los resultados funcionales del injerto en el receptor son equivalentes, por lo que podemos afirmar que la nefrectomía por laparoscopia es el «gold» estándar para la donación de vivo en cent ros especializados. Por otro lado, gracias a la introducción de este tipo de cirugía mínimamente invasiva, la donación de vivo ha experimentado un gran incremento en los últimos años, por su mejor aceptación y sus ventajas respecto a la cirugía abierta. A la hora de tomar la decisión de qué riñón extraer, es mandatorio mantener el riñón de mejores características en el donante. En igualdad de condiciones y con una vascularización similar, se prefiere la realización de la nefrectomía izquierda (AU)

Laparoscopic living donor nephrect omy has show n less morbidit y t han t he open approach, w it h less pain and analgesia requirements and allow ing a quicker recovery and an earlier ret urn t o normal act ivit y. Furt hermore, many studies have show n equivalent result s between bot h approaches in t erms of graf t f unct ion and recipient complicat ions. For these reasons, we can accept laparoscopic kidney living donor nephrectomy as the gold standard surgical technique in these patients. The implementation of this minimally invasive technique in most centers has led to an increase in the rate of this kind of organ procurement, due to its better acceptance by the donors. In order to decide which kidney is better to extract, it is mandatory to maintain the best kidney in the donor. In equal conditions, it is advisable to perform left nephrectomy (AU)

[First report on hybrid transvaginal nephrectomy for renal cancer]. / Primera nefrectomia transvaginal híbrida por cáncer renal.

NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery) is a surgical modality that uses empty organs as an access to the peritoneal cavity, avoiding skin incisions. If we combine this surgery with the classical laparoscopic approach, a new hybrid technique is obtained. This approach will permit us to work on wide operating fields with large organs, as the kidney, minimizing skin incisions. We present the first hybrid transvaginal radical nephrectomy due to renal cancer. In order to perform this procedure, we used a vaginal access for introduction of a deflectable camera and the assistance of two additional abdominal trocars. The vaginal incision for the trocar was enlarged for organ removal. Hybrid transvaginally NOTES assisted radical nephrectomy is a reproducible and feasible technique that has to be kept in mind for women who are candidates to nephrectomy for renal cancer.

Primera nefrectomía transvaginal híbrida por cáncer renal / First report on hybrid transvaginal nephrectomy for renal cancer

La cirugía NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery) es una modalidad quirúrgica que utiliza las vísceras huecas para acceder a la cavidad peritoneal, evitando así incisiones en la piel. Si combinamos este tipo de cirugía con la laparoscopia convencional, obtenemos una técnica híbrida que nos permitirá abordar órganos grandes, como el riñón, disminuyendo al máximo las incisiones cutáneas. Presentamos el primer caso de nefrectomía radical híbrida transvaginal por cáncer renal. Para poder realizar este procedimiento, se utilizó el acceso vaginal para la colocación de una cámara deflectable y la asistencia de dos puertos abdominales. La incisión del trócar vaginal se amplió para la extracción de la pieza quirúrgica. La nefrectomía híbrida transvaginal NOTES asistida debe considerarse, una técnica quirúrgica factible y reproducible que debe ser considerada como opción terapéutica en pacientes mujeres candidatas a nefrectomía por cáncer renal (AU)

NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery) is a surgical modality that uses empty organs as an access to the peritoneal cavity, avoiding skin incisions. If we combine this surgery with the classical laparoscopic approach, a new hybrid technique is obtained. This approach will permit us to work on wide operating fields with large organs, as the kidney, minimizing skin incisions. We present the first hybrid transvaginal radical nephrectomy due to renal cancer. In order to perform this procedure, we used a vaginal access for introduction of a deflectable camera and the assistance of two additional abdominal trocars. The vaginal incision for the trocar was enlarged for organ removal. Hybrid transvaginally NOTES assisted radical nephrectomy is a reproducible and feasible technique that has to be kept in mind for women who are candidates to nephrectomy for renal cancer (AU)

Generalidades del trasplante renal pediátrico / Living donor kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients

Actualmente, el trasplante renal es el tratamientode elección en niños con IRCT, presentandouna mayor supervivencia que la dialisis y un correctodesarrollo pondoestatural, social y psicointelectual.Las indicaciones de trasplante se han ampliado con losaños, de modo que hoy en día la indicación de trasplanterenal es la insuficiencia renal con síntomas queno pueden eliminarse mediante tratamiento conservador.En la edad pediàtrica, especialmente en menores dedos años, está especialmente indicado el trasplante dedonante vivo, ya que la supervivencia es mayor quecon riñones procedentes de cadáver. Como complicaciones,pueden aparecer rechazo, HTA, infecciones,neoplasias, efectos secundarios de la immunosupresióny recidivas de la enfermedad renal, a parte de las complicacionespropias de la cirugía.Los resultados a 5 años han mejorado en las últimas 5décadas, siendo la mortalidad del niño trasplantadomenor del 5%. La supervivencia del injerto puede alcanzarel 90% en los riñones de donante vivo y el 70% losde donante cadàver. Factores relacionados con la supervivencia del injerto son la edad (peor en receptoresmenores de 2 años), la diálisis pretrasplante, elrechazo agudo y la raza (mejor en caucásicos)

Currently, kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice in children with end stage renal disease, showing higher survivals than dialysis and proper weight-height, social and psychological -intellectual development. The indications for transplantation have been extended with time, so that today the indication for kidney transplantation is set for end stage renal disease with symptoms that cannot be eliminated by conservative treatment. In the pediatric age, mainly in children under two years, living donor kidney transplantation is specially indicated because it has longer survival than cadaver donor kidneys. Complications may appear: rejection, high blood pressure, infections, neoplasias, adverse events related to immunosuppressive drugs, and primary renal disease recurrences, besides surgical complications. Five-year results have improved over the last 5 decades, being mortality lower than 5%. Graft survival may reach 90% for living donor kidneys and 17% for cadaver donor. Factors related to graft survival include age (worse in receptors under 2 yr.), pretransplant dialysis, acute rejection, and race (better in caucasians)